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1.
BMC Public Health ; 22(1): 1754, 2022 09 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36114483

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Despite a global decrease in malaria burden worldwide, malaria remains a major public health concern, especially in Benin children, the most vulnerable group. A better understanding of malaria's spatial and age-dependent characteristics can help provide durable disease control and elimination. This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection and disease among children under five years of age in Benin, West Africa. METHODS: A cross-sectional epidemiological and clinical survey was conducted using parasitological examination and rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) in Benin. Interviews were done with 10,367 children from 72 villages across two health districts in Benin. The prevalence of infection and clinical cases was estimated according to age. A Bayesian spatial binomial model was used to estimate the prevalence of malaria infection, and clinical cases were adjusted for environmental and demographic covariates. It was implemented in R using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations (INLA) and Stochastic Partial Differentiation Equations (SPDE) techniques. RESULTS: The prevalence of P. falciparum infection was moderate in the south (34.6%) of Benin and high in the northern region (77.5%). In the south, the prevalence of P. falciparum infection and clinical malaria cases were similar according to age. In northern Benin children under six months of age were less frequently infected than children aged 6-11, 12-23, 24-60 months, (p < 0.0001) and had the lowest risk of malaria cases compared to the other age groups (6-12), (13-23) and (24-60): OR = 3.66 [2.21-6.05], OR = 3.66 [2.21-6.04], and OR = 2.83 [1.77-4.54] respectively (p < 0.0001). Spatial model prediction showed more heterogeneity in the south than in the north but a higher risk of malaria infection and clinical cases in the north than in the south. CONCLUSION: Integrated and periodic risk mapping of Plasmodium falciparum infection and clinical cases will make interventions more evidence-based by showing progress or a lack in malaria control.


Assuntos
Malária Falciparum , Malária , África Ocidental , Teorema de Bayes , Benin/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Fácies , Humanos , Malária/epidemiologia , Malária Falciparum/diagnóstico , Malária Falciparum/epidemiologia
2.
BMC Public Health ; 20(1): 1425, 2020 Sep 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32948153

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In Benin, malaria clinical cases, including the larger popular entity called "Palu" are evoked when people get fever. "Palu" is often self-diagnosed and self-medicated at home. This study aimed to describe the use of herbal medicine, and/or pharmaceutical medicines for prevention and treatment of malaria at home and the factors associated with this usage. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Benin in an urban and in a rural area in 2016. Around 600 households in each place were selected by using a random sampling of houses GPS coordinates of the families. The association between socio demographic characteristics and the use of herbal medicine was tested by using logistic regression models. RESULTS: In Cotonou (urban), 43.64% of households reported using herbal or pharmaceutical medicine to prevent "Palu", while they were 53.1% in Lobogo (rural). To treat "Palu" in Cotonou, 5.34% of households reported using herbal medicine exclusively, 33.70% pharmaceutical medicine exclusively and 60.96% reported using both. In Lobogo, 4% reported using herbal medicine exclusively, 6.78% pharmaceutical medicine exclusively and 89.22% reported using both. In Cotonou, the factors "age of respondent", "participation to a traditional form of savings" and "low socioeconomic level of the household" were associated with the use of herbal medicine. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the strong use of herbal medicine to prevent "Palu" or even treat it, and in this case it is mostly associated with the use of pharmaceutical medicine. It also highlights the fact that malaria control and care seeking behaviour with herbal medicine remain closely linked to household low-income status but also to cultural behaviour. The interest of this study is mostly educational, with regards to community practices concerning "Palu", and to the design of adapted behaviour change communication strategies. Finally, there is a need to take into account the traditional habits of populations in malaria control and define a rational and risk-free use of herbal medicine as WHO-recommended.


Assuntos
Malária , Preparações Farmacêuticas , África Ocidental , Benin/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Malária/tratamento farmacológico , Malária/prevenção & controle
3.
Pan Afr Med J ; 34: 150, 2019.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32117516

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Several studies around the world have shown a significant increase in student mistreatments in the Faculty of Medicine. The purpose of our study was to analyze student mistreatments and associated factors in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Parakou (FM/UP) in 2018. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical survey among the students of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Parakou from 1st to 28 February 2018. Participants were second-year medical students (PCEM2), fourth-year medical students (DCEM2) and sixth-year medical students (DCEM4) attending the academic year 2017-2018 and who had freely given their informed consent to participate in the study. RESULTS: One hundred percent of students of the FM/UP had experienced mistreatment at least once. Students had frequently experienced mistreatment in 34.34% of cases. Humiliation, verbal violence and instigation to personal services were the most common types of violence. However, approximately 10% of students had experienced sexual harassment. Perpetrators of mistreatments were doctors/teachers, nurses and interns. Female students were three times more sexually harassed than their colleagues of the opposite sex (p=0.0069). The older the students were and enrolled in the second-year of the Faculty of Medicine, the more they experienced humiliation (p=0.0001 for age and p<0.0001 for education) and verbal violence (p=0.0007 for age and p<0.0001 for education). CONCLUSION: This study highlights that all the students of the FM/UP have experienced mistreatment at least once after enrolment in the university. Based on this study, university officials should implement communication strategies to change the abusive behavior of teachers and supervisors. A register of complaints would also be useful in reducing this phenomenon.


Assuntos
Docentes de Medicina/estatística & dados numéricos , Assédio Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes de Medicina/estatística & dados numéricos , Violência/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Benin , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
4.
Artigo em Francês | AIM (África) | ID: biblio-1264193

RESUMO

Objectif : Prévenir les allergies respiratoires professionnelles chez les travailleurs exposés à la poussière de farine de blé dans les boulangeries de la ville de Porto-Novo. Méthode : Il s'est agi d'une étude transversale descriptive conduite d'Octobre à Décembre 2014 dans 5 boulangeries de la ville de Porto-Novo. A travers un échantillonnage à deux degrés, nous avons sélectionné d'une part de façon aléatoire 5 boulangeries des 32 de la ville et d'autre part de façon exhaustive recruter 51 travailleurs des 5 boulangeries. Il a été procédé à un examen physique (auscultation pulmonaire et examen oto-rhinolaryngologique) systématique de tous les travailleurs interviewés. Analyse des données : Les données ont été enregistrées et analysées avec le logiciel EPI info version 3.5.3. Les résultats obtenus ont été compilés dans des tableaux de fréquence simple. Résultats : La grande majorité des travailleurs sont de sexe masculin (90,2%). La plupart des travailleurs ont un âge compris dans la tranche de 31 et 50 ans (47,1%) et une ancienneté comprise entre 1 à 9 ans (47,2%). Les travailleurs sont concentrés au niveau des postes de : façonnage (68,7%), pétrissage (49,1%) et enfournage (39,2%). Les procédés et pratiques générateurs d'importantes poussières selon les travailleurs sont : le fleurage (88%), la vidange des sacs à farine dans le pétrin (80%), l'usage du balai pour le nettoyage (41,2%) et le pétrissage (19,6).. Les symptômes respiratoires dont se plaignent souvent les travailleurs sont : éternuement (82,4%), rhume/écoulement nasal (58,8%), toux (37%) et bronchorrhée (27,5%). Ces symptômes apparaissent chez les travailleurs le plus souvent après un délai d'exposition compris entre 1 et 9 ans et plus de la moitié des cas (57,1%) dans la tranche d'âge de 31-50ans. 2/3 des cas d'asthme sont survenus chez les travailleurs dans cette fourchette d'âge. Conclusion : La farine est désormais reconnue comme étant le premier allergène professionnel. Il s'avère important d'adopter une démarche de prévention adéquate du risque qu'elle constitue afin de garantir la santé et la sécurité aux travailleurs


Assuntos
Alergia e Imunologia , Benin , Doenças Profissionais , Exposição Ocupacional , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória
5.
Artigo em Francês | AIM (África) | ID: biblio-1264202

RESUMO

Contexte : Les cardiopathies congénitales constituent un problème majeur de santé publique et leur correction, un défi dans les pays en développement. Devant l'impossibilité d'accès local à une cure chirurgicale, le transfert à l'étranger reste le seul recours avec un retard à la prise en charge et un taux de récusation élevée. Objectifs : Décrire le devenir des enfants porteurs de cardiopathies congénitales récusées. Méthodes : Etude transversale descriptive et analytique, ayant inclus les enfants de moins de 15 ans, récusés pour correction de cardiopathies congénitales entre 2006 et 2016. Les données cliniques, paracliniques et évolutives ont été recueillies à partir des dossiers médicaux. Une réévaluation clinique et échocardiographique a été faite sur convocation des enfants. Résultats : Sur 376 dossiers soumis, 48 dossiers ont été récusés soit 12,76%. 44 patients ont été inclus dans l'étude. L'âge moyen des enfants au diagnostic de la cardiopathie et le sex-ratio étaient respectivement de 2,47±3,98 ans et 1,3. La soumission des dossiers a été faite en moyenne à 0,82± 0,5 mois après le diagnostic. La récusation est faite en moyenne à 1,42±2,13 mois après soumission. Les motifs étaient : cardiopathies complexes (40,91%), l'HTAP sévère ou syndrome d'Eisenmenger (25%) et les comorbidités (34,09%). Après récusation, 72,73% des patients n'avaient plus aucun suivi médical. La mortalité après récusation était de 25% chez les récusés (31,25% des patients non suivis versus 8,33% des patients suivis, p= 0,24). A la réévaluation réalisée chez 31 patients, 93,55% étaient hypotrophes, 67,74% dyspnéiques et 32,26% cyanosés. Le diagnostic échographique était concordant à l'initial chez 58,06%. Les porteurs de syndrome d'Eisenmenger représentaient 71%. Trois patients initialement récusés pour hypotrophie sévère sont devenus opérables. Conclusion: Le pronostic des cardiopathies récusées est péjoratif en l'absence de suivi. La correction locale des cardiopathies et le suivi médical permettra d'améliorer le pronostic des cardiopathies congénitales


Assuntos
Benin , Criança , Cardiopatias Congênitas , Avaliação de Resultados da Assistência ao Paciente , Pacientes
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